PART – I 

 

(i) Cylindrical shaped pressure vessel with both ends opened

• Translation of problem indicating function, objective, constraints and free variables?

(3 marks)

 

• Derive the performance material index for failure.

(7 marks)

 

(c) Discuss the implication of two performance index i.e., due to yielding and fast fracture for the selection of one material. Find the coupling line by making equal the cost calculated with the two indexes.

(4 marks)

 

(d) Use CES EDUPack (Rebranded as GRANTA EDUPACK 2020) to create a graph representing the material index and identify the region of the chart with the cheapest materials for the pressure vessel due to yielding and fast fracture material index.

 

[Hint 1]: Use the concept of coupling line for selecting best material materials for the cylindrical pressure vessel due to yielding and fast fracture material index.  

(6 marks)

PART – II 

 

(ii) Spherical shaped pressure vessel

 

(e) Translation of problem indicating function, objective, constraints and free variables?

(3 marks)  (f) Derive the performance material index for failure.

(7 marks)

 

(g) Use CES Edupack (Rebranded as GRANTA EDUPACK 2020) to create a graph representing the material index and identify the region of the chart with the cheapest materials for the for the pressure vessel due to fast fracture material index.

(5 marks)

 

Reminder, as it is an open exercise, each student is expected to have a unique solution as definition of the problem will be unique.

 (Total: 35 marks)

 

QUESTION 2

PART – I

 

A truck manufacturing company wants to design a new material for the springs used in the heavy loaded trucks (Figure Q – 2). In vehicle suspension design it is desirable to minimize the mass of all components and select a material as cheap as possible. You have been asked to select a material and dimensions for a light spring to replace the steel leaf-spring of an existing truck suspension. You need to decide the structure of the existing leaf-spring. The new spring must have the same length, L and stiffness, S as the existing one, and must deflect through a maximum safe displacement, δ_max without failure.

 

 

Figure Q _– 3 : Vehicle suspension system

 

You will need to decide extra constraints and find out the necessary equations to solve the springs for truck application. You will need to decide your objective and to compare the results with real world materials. You will need to translate the problem, derive the performance index or indexes, coupling line between the performance index and select some screening constraint.

 

[Hint 1]: You will have to decide your own dimensions for the selected structure and the constraints.

You have to document the whole selection process.

• Definition of the problem
  • marks)
• Translation of the problem
  • marks)
• Derive performance index

(8 marks)

 

• Use CES Edupack (Rebranded as GRANTA EDUPACK 2020) to create a graph representing the material index and identify the region of the chart with the cheapest materials for the leaf spring.

 (6 marks)

PART – II

Most of the springs are made of high strength alloy steel, and they are heavy. You are asked to explore the potential of alternative materials for lighter springs, recognizing there must be a trade-off between mass and cost – if it is too expensive, the manufacturing company will not want it even if it is lighter.

Show that the mass and material cost of the spring relative to one made of high strength alloy steel is given by

= ( ) ( , ) and = ( )( , , )

                                                                    

 

where ρ is the density, σ_f the failure strength and C_m the cost per kg of the material, and the subscript “o” indicates values for high strength alloy steel.

 

[Hint 2]: Use the ratio for new material over the steel.                                                                          

= ℎ ℎ ℎ  

₀

and   = ℎ ℎ ℎ .  0

 

• Show that the mass and material cost of the spring relative to one made of high strength alloy steel is given by

= ( ) ( , ) and = ₍ )⁽ , , )

                                                      

(2 marks)

 

 

• Explore the trade-off between relative cost and relative mass. Sketch a trade-off surface. Define a relative penalty function.

(6 marks)

Reminder, as it is an open exercise, each student is expected to have a unique solution as definition of the problem will be unique.

 (Total: 30 marks)

 

QUESTION 3

 

• Draw the Time Temperature Transformation T-T-T diagram for Aluminium – Copper

(Al – 4 % Cu) alloys and show on the diagram the critical cooling curve, the transformation lines, the phases and the axis.

(4 marks)

 

• Explain the change of structure with martensitic transformation of steels.

(2 marks)

 

(c) The copper-tin system (which includes bronzes) is shown in the Figure Q – 3 below

 

Figure Q – 3: Copper – Tin phase diagram

Note: Use the Annexure 1 for calculations

 

• List and mark out the single phase regions;

(2 marks)

• Highlight the four eutectoids in the copper-tin system,

(2 marks)

• List out the compositions and temperatures of the eutectoids.

(4 marks)

 

• Discuss with help of simple sketch along with an example of the phase diagram (binary system) in which PERITECTIC REACTION AND PERITECTIC

POINT, reaction occur during the phase transformation of metals. Describe the phase reaction and the corresponding temperature for the selected example.

(2 marks)

 

(Total for part (c) : 10 marks)

 

(d) Compare and contrast the main features of diffusive and displacive transformations during structural changes in metals.

(4 marks)

 

(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION 4

Houses in UK uses cast iron or steel guttering and this gutter material is prone to corrosion over time as shown in Figure Q – 4.

• To prevent the mild sheet-steel guttering from corrosion it is copper-plated and the guttering acts as a drain for sea water. If the coating is damaged, exposing the steel, will the guttering corrode in a damaging way?
• If instead the guttering is zinc-plated, will it be better or less well protected?

Suggest the mechanism of corrosion taking place in these two types of coating on the mild sheet-steel guttering.

 

Figure Q – 4: Corrosion of steel gutter

(Total: 5 marks)

QUESTION 5

 

• Using suitable examples, explain the meaning of dislocation movement in metals. Explain with simple sketches different types of dislocation in relation to metals.
  • marks)
• Using suitable industrial examples, explain creep in metals. Comment and contract dislocation movement in both plastic deformation and in creep.

This is material and science engineering and I want someone who knows this course very well,

 

This is the project. But I am looking for calculation only. I have attached the data and the description. My Project data is of Underground Loader. So please take the data of Underground Loader value from the Table attached

 

 

 

Use the Ashby Diagrams to compare relative IMPORTANT properties (the properties identified in 3b for a ferrous and non-ferrous metal, polymer, ceramic and composite).  Include these Ashby Diagrams and mark an X to show the comparisons.  Write a reflection about the type of material that best meets each property.  So for example. For the Occluder ball, two of the five properties determined to be relevant to a design constraint were density and fracture toughness.  As such, I will include the Ashby diagram for these two properties.  STOP!! MANDATORY CONSULTATION TIME WITH MARGIE!

 

Source of image (http://www.lehigh.edu/~intribos/resources.html).  I would then comment on the relative properties of these materials.  For example – The Composite materials offer nearly equal fracture toughness while also providing for low density (light weight)…etc.

1. EXPERT TEAM – EACH TEAM MEMBER RESEARCH ONE OF THE MATERIALS AND SHARE INFORMATION WITH TEAM..PLEASE INDICATE ON YOUR SUBMISSION WHICH TEAM MEMBER RESEARCHED WHICH MATERIAL.  Consider one very specific material from each class * of materials as a candidate replacement material for this application.  Some of these candidates may not make sense (ex an alumina ceramic occlude ball) and that is ok.  For each of these materials provide a 2-3 page summary of the general characteristics, relevant properties (only those that are relevant to the application) and information about how that material is generally manufactured or processed. Additionally, create a table that summarizes the material property data for the four materials your team researched.  Include only relevant data for the properties you listed above that will help the product meet the design requirements and objectives. MAKE SURE YOUR TABLE HAS CONSISTEN UNITS (ALL SI OR ALL ENGLISH!) Place this table at the end of all of your material general descriptions  so you can do a “side by side” comparison of the materials for this application.  BE VERY SPECIFIC ABOUT THE MATERIALS YOU ARE CONSIDERING…EXAMPLE – NOT  JUST STEEL, BUT 1018 STEEL IN THE FULLY ANNEALED CONDITION) * Please consider one ferrous material, one non ferrous material, a ceramic and a polymer.  You may also include a composite material if that makes sense, but you are not required to.  Your composite material can be a “wildcard” material and you can let this replace any one of the classes of materials. The material that the product is currently made of counts as one of the four materials you are considering and you are required to present your research on this material.